Key facts about fissure sealants for children
- Fissure sealants are a protective coating applied to back teeth to prevent decay in children
- Available free on the NHS for children under 18 (and under 19 in full-time education)
- Usually applied to permanent molars between ages 6-7 and 12-14
- The procedure is quick, painless and doesn't require anaesthetic
- Can reduce tooth decay risk by up to 80% in sealed teeth
As a parent, you want to give your child the best chance of healthy teeth that last a lifetime. Fissure sealants are one of the most effective preventive treatments available on the NHS, yet many parents aren't aware they exist or how they work.
This comprehensive guide explains everything you need to know about fissure sealants for children in the UK, from what they are and how they're applied, to NHS eligibility and long-term benefits.
What are fissure sealants?
Fissure sealants are thin plastic coatings applied to the chewing surfaces of back teeth (molars and premolars). These teeth have natural grooves and pits called fissures, which can trap food particles and bacteria, making them particularly vulnerable to decay.
The sealant creates a smooth, protective barrier over these vulnerable areas, making it much easier for children to clean their teeth effectively and preventing bacteria from settling in the deep grooves.
Think of it like waterproofing a surface — the sealant fills in the tiny gaps where decay could start, creating a flat, easy-to-clean surface instead.
Why do children need fissure sealants?
Children's teeth are especially at risk of decay for several reasons:
Developing cleaning habits: Young children are still learning proper brushing techniques and may miss the deep grooves in their back teeth.
Diet challenges: Children often consume more sugary foods and drinks than adults, increasing decay risk.
New permanent teeth: Newly erupted permanent molars have less mature enamel, making them more vulnerable to decay in the first few years.
Difficult-to-reach areas: Back teeth are harder for children to reach and clean thoroughly, especially when they first come through.
Research shows that fissure sealants can reduce tooth decay in molars by up to 80%. This is particularly important because permanent molars need to last a lifetime — losing them to decay can lead to significant dental problems later in life.
Are fissure sealants free on the NHS?
Yes, fissure sealants are completely free for children under 18 on the NHS (or under 19 if in full-time education). Unlike adult NHS dental treatment, children don't pay band charges — all NHS dental care for under-18s is free, including:
- Regular check-ups
- X-rays
- Fillings
- Extractions
- Fissure sealants
- Orthodontic treatment (if clinically necessary)
This makes fissure sealants an excellent preventive option with no financial barrier for parents. If you're looking to search for an NHS dentist near you who offers children's services, you can check availability in your local area.
When should children get fissure sealants?
The ideal timing for fissure sealants is shortly after permanent molars come through. Most children get their permanent molars in two stages:
First permanent molars (age 6-7): These are often called "six-year molars" and appear behind the baby teeth, so parents sometimes don't realise they're permanent teeth.
Second permanent molars (age 12-14): These come through during early teenage years and should also be considered for sealing.
Your NHS dentist will assess whether your child would benefit from fissure sealants during routine check-ups. Not every child needs them — dentists typically recommend sealants when:
- The tooth has deep fissures that trap food easily
- The child has a history of tooth decay
- The child struggles with thorough brushing
- The tooth has early signs of decay that hasn't yet formed a cavity
How are fissure sealants applied?
Many parents worry that dental procedures might be uncomfortable for their child, but fissure sealant application is one of the gentlest treatments available. The entire process takes just a few minutes per tooth and involves no drilling or injections.
Here's what happens during the appointment:
Cleaning: The dentist thoroughly cleans the tooth surface to remove any plaque or food debris.
Preparation: The tooth is dried, and a special gel is applied briefly to roughen the surface slightly, helping the sealant bond properly.
Application: The liquid sealant is painted onto the tooth's grooves and fissures.
Setting: A bright blue light is used to harden the sealant (takes about 20-30 seconds), or it may be left to set naturally, depending on the type used.
Check: The dentist checks your child's bite to ensure the sealant hasn't made the tooth too high.
The whole process is painless, and most children find it easier than having a filling. Your child can eat normally straight afterwards.
How long do fissure sealants last?
Fissure sealants typically last between 5-10 years, though they can last longer with good oral hygiene. Your NHS dentist will check the sealants at regular check-ups and can top them up or reapply them if they show signs of wear.
Factors affecting longevity include:
- Teeth grinding: Children who grind their teeth may wear sealants down faster
- Diet: Very hard or sticky foods can damage sealants over time
- Oral hygiene: Good brushing helps sealants last longer
- Quality of application: Properly applied sealants on dry teeth last longest
Even if a sealant eventually wears away, it will have protected the tooth during the most vulnerable years when permanent molars first come through. Many children reach adulthood with no decay in their sealed teeth.
Are there any risks or downsides to fissure sealants?
Fissure sealants are extremely safe, with minimal risks. The main considerations are:
Sealant failure: Occasionally, a sealant may not bond properly or chip off. This is why regular dental check-ups are important — your dentist can spot and repair any problems early.
Trapped decay: If decay has already started beneath the surface before sealing (which X-rays would typically show), the sealant could potentially seal it in. This is why dentists carefully examine teeth before applying sealants.
Not a substitute for brushing: Some parents mistakenly think sealed teeth don't need cleaning. Sealants only protect the chewing surfaces — teeth still need regular brushing to prevent decay on other surfaces.
The benefits far outweigh these minimal risks, which is why fissure sealants are recommended by dental health organisations worldwide.
Finding an NHS dentist for your child's fissure sealants
If your child hasn't had a dental check-up recently, or if you're looking for an NHS dentist who can provide fissure sealants, it's worth knowing that availability varies across the UK. Some areas have better NHS dental access than others.
You can search for NHS dentists accepting new patients in your area to find practices offering children's dental services. When you call to register, ask whether they routinely offer fissure sealants as part of their preventive care for children.
Remember that children should have their first dental visit by their first birthday, or when their first tooth appears, whichever comes first. Regular check-ups (usually every 6-12 months) mean your dentist can recommend fissure sealants at the optimal time for your child's development.
Protecting your child's smile for life
Fissure sealants are a simple, painless way to give your child's permanent teeth the best possible start. Combined with good oral hygiene, a healthy diet, and regular dental check-ups, they can significantly reduce your child's risk of tooth decay and the need for fillings later in life.
Best of all, they're completely free on the NHS for under-18s, making them accessible to all families regardless of income.
Ready to find an NHS dentist who can help protect your child's teeth? Use our search tool to find NHS dentists accepting new patients in your area and give your child the gift of a healthy smile that lasts a lifetime.